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This one is the first article published nationally in Italy where it was saying very clearly that the DC-9 exploded in 1980 in the Ustica sky was shot down by a missile of a military fighter. The day it was published, two years after the disaster, aroused a lot of controversy and in the Italian Parliament were ask seven questions to the government to know why Italian people has not been informed about what British and American experts found. Even Luzzati, the chairman of the committee appointed by the Department of Interior to investigate on the tragedy, called a press conference to explain the reasons of his silence. Rai, the Italian state national broadcasting, forced by the public opinion that wanted to know, bayed the television program from BBC and broadcasted in the first time band of the evening, but trying to minimize its content. At last on Wednesday January 10th, 2007 Italy's highest appeals court upheld an acquittal handed down in 2004 of two former air force generals who had been accused of giving false information about the disaster, which occurred on June 27, 1980.The court's decision means the case is closed and the question of who and what was responsible for the crash will likely never be answered. So, now the Ustica drama becomes one of the many unsolved mysteries of Italian history.
(Il Giornale, August 27th, 1982)
An international inquiry by British and American experts found that the DC-9
Itavia in service between Bologna and Palermo exploded in the island of Ustica
sky 15 seconds before 9 p.m. of June 27th 1980 with 81 people aboard, was shot
down by a remote-controlled air-to-air missile left by a fighter.
The inquiry
results, that don't leave any doubt about how the disaster occurred, have been
published during the television program Panorama broadcasted on the first channel
of British BBC at 8,30 p.m. of Monday July
26th. Tom Mangold, the journalist who made the program, has developed the story
in all its details explaining those
aspects
that Italian public opinion has never known.
As a matter of fact, while in England there are no doubt about how the DC-9
exploded, in Italy inquiries opened by the magistracy and the department of
Interior are still far from solution. Judge Giorgio Santacroce and Carlo Luzzati,
chairman of the Alghero Airport, both in charge of the two inquiries, like to
talk about their conclusions only when investigations will be at the final step.
Until then, let see what are so far the foreign experts conclusions.
First of all we know that few months ago Luzzati went to the prestigious Rarde
(the real institute for research and development of weapon systems) in London
asking for examination of some rivet heads took out from the jet seats and passengers
bodies. Since the DC-9 fuselage was riveting from inside, it's clear that rivets
had been throwing against people in the nacelle because of an explosion outside
the plane. Besides Luzzati asked to the British experts to examine even some
piece of metal took out from passengers bodies that for sure didn't belong to
the plane. Italian technicians found out more evidence that leave out
the bomb hypothesis. Inside the plane
seats they found some piece of plastic coming from the area reserved for the
crew, just behind the cabin. That's the point where explosion occurred, so in
a place where hardly a terrorist could put an explosive device. But there is
something else. By Douglas Higgs, the Rarde head, a small piece of crystal found
in a body shows up that explosion occurred for sure outside the plane because
that crystal belonged to the protection plane inside one of the window and it
blew up in the direction of passengers.
But the most astonishing news came up when Luzzati and his staff went to Washington
to examine tapes recorded by airfield control radar in Rome some minutes before
and some minutes after the DC-9 disaster. The Us Department of Civil Aviation
gave all tapes to engineer John Macidul. What Mr. Macidul found destroyed the
already weak hypothesis of the bomb and instead confirmed that explosion has
been produced by something else. The American expert found three different radar
tracks near DC-9. The first one shows up behind and at the right side of the
plane one minute and 34 seconds before the explosion; the second comes up after
29 seconds and at only 15 miles from the plane; the third instead shows up 12
seconds after explosion, about 5 miles and an half on the right side of DC-9.
Macidul, who is also a previous Usaf fighter pilot, didn't have any doubt and
wrote down that those radar tracks are the motions of a single flying object.
In his official report Macidul concluded: " A not identified object crossed
the incident area from west to
east at very high speed and about at the same time of the accident. The plane
and the not identified object (that was at the west side of the accident area)
was coming out from the sun and it was flying in the direction of the plane
which was in front of the sun, in direction of the object".
By these information, Macidul didn't hesitate to confirm that the "not
identified object" quoted in his report was just a modern fighter plane
without a precise identity. Nato Force, to avoid any possible charge, denied
any military manoeuvres in the airspace and at the moment when DC-9 exploded.
By the way there would be no need to defence if the unknown jet was by chance
near the plane. At this point remain only one possible hypothesis: an intentional
attack with the precise will to shut down the line plane.
Is it possible that an enormity of this kind could be occurred? The question
has been forwarded to John Transue, previous head of the air field
of the American Department of Defence and actually counsellor of the Pentagon.
By all the radar information he got (height, speed, relevant distance, a missile
speed, optimum ray of fire) Transue reached to these easy conclusions:
1) The not identified object has all the features of a modern fighter jet.
2) Its method of approach to DC-9 is a clear attack manoeuvre.
3) When the fighter was near DC-9 it threw a missile that hit the right side
of the plane.
4) The attack was intentional. This kind of missile air-to-air are radar controlled.
When one gets going, pilot must hits the centre of the target by his radar and
follow the missile until it gets the enemy plane. To do this, a pilot is busy
for all missile fly, and this means from 30 to 40 seconds. Of course an operation
like this remove any hypothesis of incident.
At this point we have two questions: who is the author of an atrocity like that?
And why the Italian government, knowing all that, has always been silent? To
the first question it's not easy to answer. In the inquiry there is a mention
to a possible act of Libyan terrorism, even if Gheddafi carefully denied all
accusing voices.
As for the Italian government silence, old or new it can be, there are no excuse.
Even now taking a long time for a very disagreeable inquiry it looks like the
government is trying to cover up the inexplicable murder of 81 people.
ROME, Jan 11 2007 (Reuters) - A Rome court
has definitively closed the case of a mysterious plane explosion
that killed 81 people in 1980 and has divided Italians ever since.
Italy's highest appeals court on Wednesday upheld an acquittal handed down in
2004 of two former air force generals
who had been accused of giving false information about the disaster, which occurred
on June 27, 1980.
The court's decision means the case is closed and the question of who and what
was responsible for the crash will likely never be answered.
On Thursday, La Stampa newspaper of Turin, reflecting the opinion of many Italians,
said closing the case left Italy's judicial system burdened with "a massacre
with no one guilty".
The prosecution in the 2004 trial said the plane went down in a "war-like
scenario".
But numerous investigations in the past 26 years have failed to determine whether
the plane,
a DC-9 of the now-defunct domestic airline Itavia, was blown apart by a bomb
or a missile.
It broke up over the southern Mediterranean near the small southern island of
Ustica,
whose name has since become synonymous with the mysterious incident.
During investigations, documents disappeared and air traffic voice recordings
were found to have either been erased or tampered with.
Media reports based on radar monitoring data said fighter aircraft from several
NATO nations were in the area at the time of the crash,
possibly following a Libyan MIG that was trying to evade radar control by flying
close to the civilian plane.
Another theory was that the plane entered a military exercise area and was hit
by a missile launched by a fighter that had mistaken it for an enemy intruder.
Most Italians believe the cause of the crash, which has been the subject of
one film and numerous books, was covered up for security or military reasons.